Taxation of the Digital Economy - OECD Agreement on Global Tax Reform (Pillar One and Two)
137 countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) - including Switzerland - agreed to a comprehensive global tax reform on 8 October 2021. The global tax reform aims to introduce a worldwide redistribution of profits of multinational corporations with a turnover of more than 20 billion euros (Pillar One) and a global minimum taxation of 15% for multinational corporations with a turnover of more than 750 million euros (Pillar Two). The implementation of the reform will pose major challenges for companies, but also for states. Pillar One will result in multinationals becoming taxable in a state even if they have no physical facilities such as offices or premises in that state. At least 25% of profits exceeding 10% of turnover will be taxed in the states where the turnover is generated, irrespective of the existence of a physical presence. Pillar Two will introduce a global minimum tax of 15%. The tax rate will be calculated at the state level and not at the individual company level. In addition, the calculation of the global minimum tax will be based on taxable profit and taxable net income, an international accounting standard and not local legislation, such as Swiss commercial law. This article explains how Pillar One and Two work, the currently envisaged implementation of the reform in Switzerland, its impact on global tax and location competition and on Swiss-based companies.
Extraterritorial change of status through the introduction of the Income Inclusion Rule
With the introduction of the Income Inclusion Rule (IIR), Switzerland must in future also tax previously untaxed hidden reserves and goodwill of low-taxed or non-taxed foreign subsidiaries upon realisation that were created before 1 January 2024. This will result in a change of status analogous to STAF. This paper is a thought experiment on whether this change of status would not also have to result in a step-up for profit tax purposes from a constitutional and tax system point of view.
Tax avoidance through offshore structures
On Sunday evening, 4 October 2021, various media around the world simultaneously published the so-called "Pandora Papers", which once again accuse various individuals of tax evasion and tax avoidance through structures, be it in the form of foundations, trusts or companies based in so-called tax havens. There have been similar revelations before, namely in April 2016 in the "Panama Papers" and in November 2017 in the "Paradise Papers". What all these revelations have in common is that they are based on data leaks and target prominent people from politics, business, sports and entertainment with media attention. The revelations have led to an increased call for transparency and increasingly strict compliance regulations. However, the media also reveal that these offshore companies are legal structures used to optimise taxes, but not to evade them. Foundations and trusts are indeed legal structures that are usually not set up for purely tax considerations. Nevertheless, such (offshore) structures can lead to under-taxation if they are treated as fiscally transparent by the Swiss tax authorities and the founder/trustee and/or beneficiary resident in Switzerland has not declared the assets and income.
Suspension of the exchange of information with Russia
On 16 September 2022, the Federal Council decided to temporarily suspend the exchange of tax information with Russia based on the public policy reservation of the Administrative Assistance Convention in Tax Matters.
SIF updates overview of tax relief for Turkey
On August 30, 2022, SIF updated the overview of the effects of the agreement (extent of relief) concerning Turkey.
FTA publishes circular regarding the refund of withholding tax on lump-sum pension benefits in relation to Italy
On August 12, 2022, the Swiss Federal Tax Administration (FTA) published the circular "Explanatory notes on the refund of withholding tax on lump-sum pension benefits to recipients resident in Italy".
Memorandum of Understanding between Switzerland and Italy
On July 22, 2022, the State Secretariat for International Financial Matters (SIF) announced that Switzerland and Italy have agreed that the Memorandum of Understanding on the impact of COVID-19 measures on the treatment of earned income from employment under the 1974 DTA and the 1974 Cross-Border Agreement (see our article of June 20, 2020) will remain applicable until the end of October 2022 to all individuals who are residents of a Contracting State and regularly engage in gainful employment in the other Contracting State. Before the end of October 2022, the competent authorities will consult again.
Memorandum of Understanding between Switzerland and France
On July 20, 2022, the State Secretariat for International Financial Matters (SIF) announced that a mutual agreement had been reached between the competent authorities of Switzerland and France regarding the taxation of cross-border workers who work in their home offices as a result of measures taken to combat Covid-19. This agreement implements the joint declaration of June 29, 2022 (see our article of July 2, 2022) without amending it, thus helping to clarify the situation. The Memorandum of Understanding is valid until October 31, 2022, as the two countries agreed on June 29, 2022 to work on the implementation of a permanent agreement on telework applicable to cross-border workers by that date.
Withholding Tax: Adjustment of the FTA's Practice in the Event of a Secondary Adjustment
In a communication dated July 19, 2022, the Federal Tax Administration (FTA) informs about the following effects of the Federal Law on the Implementation of International Agreements in the Tax Field (StADG), which entered into force on January 1, 2022, on the practice of the FTA in the field of withholding tax in the case of a secondary adjustment:
Consultation agreement between Switzerland and Germany concerning non-return days
The State Secretariat for International Financial Matters (SIF) informed on 18 July 2022 that the competent authorities of Switzerland and Germany have agreed on the basis of Art. 26 para. 3 DBA that working days on which a cross-border commuter within the meaning of Art. 15a para. 2 sentence 1 DBA works all day at the place of residence in the State of domicile are not deemed to be working days on which the person does not return to the place of residence after the end of work due to the performance of his or her work. These working days are therefore not considered non-return days within the meaning of Art. 15a, para. 2, sentence 2 DBA.
Current problems of intercantonal and international corporate tax law (2019)
Workshop on the occasion of the ISIS) seminar on 3/4 June 2019 entitled "News on corporate tax law
Current questions on withholding tax and stamp duties, including international issues (2019)
Workshop on the occasion of the ISIS) seminar on 3/4 June 2019 entitled "News on corporate tax law
